Essay --

Petrini was enraged by all of this, and rallied his friends and the local community to protest against this worldwide industrialization of food by arming themselves with simple bowls of locally cooked, traditional pasta. They chanted, â€Å"We don’t want fast food †¦ we want slow food!† This initial idea developed gradually and three years later, in 1989, delegates from fifteen countries met in Paris to approve and endorse The Slow Food Manifesto, co-founded by Folco Portinari (Italian literary historian and University professor), and accordingly the Slow Food movement was officially established. It is a non-profit, grassroots movement, which now has thousands of members across the globe, that seeks to promote the desire for good, healthy, local food through a better understanding of it’s taste, quality and production, and thus counter the speed of the fast life. Figure 8: The Slow Food logo With an understanding of the psychological use of colour in design, it was interesting to discover that Slow Food have utilised red into their logo as well as McDonalds, displayed in figure 8. There appears to be a contradiction of the snail as an icon symbolising slowness, and red as a colour representing excitement and speed. Its original objectives were to re-evaluate and celebrate local cooking traditions, inform citizens on the negatives of fast food, educate them on where their food originates from and also promote the use of local food products in cooking. Figure 9 shows an example of a local market stall with Slow Food values, . Founder Carlo Petrini, believes that: "Everyone has the right to good, clean and fair food." By ‘good’ he means that the food is fresh, ‘clean’ is part of the natural food cycle, posing no threat to the ... ...ess, much like the methodologies and founding principles used in the Slow Food movement, there can be many benefits from slowing down. Carl Honorà © declares that the greatest thinkers throughout history were those that favoured the slow approach, asserting â€Å"Charles Darwin described himself as a slow thinker. Einstein was famous for spending ages staring into space in his office at Princeton University.† These extremely successful individuals demonstrate the significance of decelerating the mind into a lower gear in order to engage in more deep, holistic considerations. Abraham Lincoln, apparently proclaimed, â€Å"Give me six hours to chop down a tree and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.† This famous quote refers to the importance of preparation in a task, and that an intelligent person does not start a job straight away, they plan and prepare it first.

How Different Moral Perspectives Have Influenced

The essence of morality is ‘concerned with the principles or rules of rights and wrong or conforming to standards based on those principles’ (Dictionary. com). However differing models for living morally, resulting from the diversity of experience, will conflict in how they determine what these principles are. Thus, these ethical frameworks will hold different conceptions of ethical practice and what services such as Youth and Community work should deliver. This essay will attempt to show the importance of understanding how different moral perspectives have influenced the practice of Youth and Community work, before describing three contending ethical frameworks of deontology, consequentialism and virtue ethics; assessing under what conditions, circumstances or criteria would each of these view these practices as a moral activity. Morality A moral principle is essentially one that distinguishes between right and wrong behaviour. When someone holds a coherent and compatible set of moral principles it can be considered an ethical framework, which provides the foundation for how people understand or explain social reality. Thus, it is the basis from which they choose to conduct their lives and interact with others. Such a ‘code’ will be constructed from, and determined by all manner of life experiences, social environments and circumstances, and therefore will vary greatly. Some of the most common factors that contribute towards an ethical framework are personal or religious beliefs and cultural standards. The nature of Youth and Community work entails working closely with in both individual and group settings, where diversity of these moral values is inevitable. Different moral perspectives will necessarily emphasise different roles and purposes for these projects and organisations. As informal educators, there are no ‘ready-made guidelines’ on what constitutes good and bad practice; instead practitioners will have a set of ‘core values’ that they strive towards (Jeffs and Smith 2005). However, it is important, to understand different conceptions of what moral practice entails in order achieve social inclusion, develop practice and interpersonal skills. Deontology Blackburn argues these premises of a deontological approach to morality ‘take us to thoughts about what is due, they take us to demands† (2001: 60). The framework asserts that social reality is objective and the capacity for human autonomy is limited by ‘the recurring pattern of human behaviour [that] determines the nature of human action’ (Parker, 2000: 125). Thus, the perspective is concerned notions of justice rights and ‘duty’ or responsibility (Blackburn 2001: 88) to act in accordance with rules, as the rightness of an action is inherent and independent of the consequences it brings about. To illustrate, the killing an innocent man would be wrong because he is innocent, not because of the pain and sense of loss that his loved ones will experience. This concept can be primarily accredited to the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, a key figure in the development of early deontological thought. As a rationalist, Kant argued that the moral value of human behaviour can be revealed ‘a priori’ or through pure intellectual reason. Thus, as these principles are theoretically available to all, regardless of personal circumstance, they must have a universal applicability, which leads Kant to an essential condition for moral action, the categorical imperative: ‘Act only on the maxim whereby thou can at the same time wish it to become a universal law. ’ (Kant [1785] 2003: 6) Taylor (1975) contends that for this each individual would treat others as ends, rather than a means and that it must be ‘self-imposed by the will of each person’. However the ‘interest’ ethics of Machiavelli, Hobbs and Burke also accommodate power as an inevitable factor of human interaction and organisation. They argue that the nature of humanity is inherently weak and immoral, claiming that governing minority is required in order to maintain the social structure and order. Therefore a hierarchical system of control where policies of institutions cohere is the most appropriate method in assuring the smooth running of society and the moral development and self control of its citizens. Agents accept the legitimacy of the elite as their moral authority ’ought to be greater than that of any or all the subjects’ (Hobbes [1651] 1996: 128). In line with this perspective, deontologists would measure all human activity against its capacity for the common good of society, adopting a conservative position regarding community initiatives and actively oppose those Youth and Community organisations that aim to bring about radical change, as this would upset established social and legal structures causing social unrest and uncertainty (Sanderson et al 2006). Professional workers would ideally be upstanding members of society, holding a higher level of ethical awareness than citizens as they are in a position of power. Workers would be expected to adhere to an externally set code of practice as this was their duty owed to the service user, the profession and the employing organisation (Banks 2006: 125). These would be prescribed by institutions, meaning an intrinsic duty to instil the values of the state in the service users they worked with encouraging them to fall in line with the status quo. Hence projects aiming to reduce young offence, drug addiction or teenage pregnancy would all be morally viable as they emphasise conformity rather than value deviation. Consequentialism Consequentialism is a system of ethics distinguishes right from wrong action purely on the basis of the effects it has: ‘The moral value of any action always lies in its consequences, and it is by reference to these consequences that actions, and indeed such things as institutions, law and practices are to be justified if they can be justified at all’ (Smart and Williams 1973: 79). Social reality is maintained objective and scientifically explainable, however the individual is regarded as autonomous and independent and thus is able to make rational speculations as to whether an action will lead to good or ill. The approach adheres with the utilitarian principle of striving for the ‘greatest happiness for the greatest number’ (Blackburn 2001: 86), where a moral action involves maximising the good outcomes for all those involved. Happiness’ corresponds to different types of hedonism, where pleasure and pain are the cardinal measures of good and bad; as John Stewart Mill argues ‘desiring a thing and finding it pleasant are one and the same thing’ (Blackburn 2001: 88). Within the doctrine there are several contending models; act utilitarianism involves assessing the consequences of every individual act, whereas rule utilitarianism involves setting laws that adhere with this principle. Finally, preference utilitariansim In addition, the perspective adheres to Machiavelli’s claim that humans are naturally wicked and selfish ([1518] 1969: 111–12). Thus a key notion in this is that as a population will be motivated by ambitions, desires and self-interest, so to maintain social order at least some of these must appear achievable. Advocates of this model therefore maintain that political liberty and economic freedom available through a democratic system and a competitive free market provide adequate level of civil and personal rights, resulting in pleasure, welfare and prosperity for all citizens. Thus, the market interests of individuals would take priority over local community agendas as ultimately security and freedom and therefore happiness, are available through the cultivation of material wealth (Sanderson et al: 2006). Therefore, members holding this perspective would oppose community imperatives that hindered or constrained opportunities to make profit for self-interested groups of individuals. For them, engaging with community would be encouraged but for the purpose of forming relationships that were mutually beneficial to the market interest of those individuals involved. Thus, moral Youth and Community work would provide services for the public good. As the framework is evaluates morality on the basis of consequences, the use of measurable targets and outputs is justified in order to be able to assess if an agency is delivering effective practice. Virtue Ethics It has been argued that these principle-based models place too much emphasis on specific actions (Banks 2006; 54). Both the previous theories focus on the concept of objective morality which is essentially concerned with setting a base line for ethics where individuals are simply required to meet this level to act morally. Conversely, Virtue based ethics accommodates takes a far more optimistic view of human nature than deontology or consequentalism, choosing to focus on the characteristics of the agent rather than behaviours. Virtues can be described as idealised goals or aspirations for good conduct which give direction for ethical human behaviour and provide an alternative and superior motivation than simply instinct. Aristotle, the founder of virtue theory, argued that all experiences were equal in that every individual had the capacity to infer virtues from their subjective experience. In support, Tam (1998:19) has explained that this universal potential for any individual to ‘behave morally’ means that that community values, goals and duties are not things to be defined by elite. Banks has further argued that regulations are ‘becoming increasingly irrelevant [as they are based on] †¦professionals' definition of values without consultation with service users’. The perspective emphasises a theme of natural behaviour aiming to align social norms with virtuous principles, however Aristotle maintained the need for laws to effectively allow humans to move progressively towards these, where education and practice can support the cultivating of virtue through the ‘supreme human capacity’ of reason (Blackburn 2001:96). As virtue ethics does not consider the consequences of an action, there is no specified standard for any individual to objectively achieve. Instead, the focus is on the ‘social nature of the self’ (Blackburn 2001: 97), where it is the community member’s responsibility to find agreed meanings of subjective concepts of rightness through interaction and debate with others, developing a collective understanding of social reality. Hence, moral relativity between groups is accommodated within virtue ethics, as negotiation of community agendas will inevitably vary. Furthermore, the suggested selfish or self-interested nature of humanity proposed by the previous two doctrines can be surpassed due to this collective nature and process of developing one’s morality, where happiness or flourishing is achieved through upholding these values. With respects to Youth and Community work, this moral framework would focus on training and cultivating the appropriate virtues required for the job, maintaining that, while actions are more reliable and measurable, it is also of vital importance that professionals display certain traits in character. Thus, workers would accountable not for specific outputs, rather if they did not act as a virtuous worker would. Banks (2006: 55) has suggested typical virtues of a worker would include courage, integrity, honesty and loyalty; however this is far from exhaustive. Strong parallels can be drawn between the ‘core values’ of Youth and Community work and concept of professional virtues, thus, these would be regarded with particular importance. The model also justifies a professional community where these values would be debated and negotiated in order to maintain a consensus code of ethics. Finally the approach would support the progressive and continuous education and rehabilitation of ‘deviant’ community members, unless this is unachievable, in the case of psychopaths for example. References http://www.infed.org/foundations/w-inf7.htm

Several Different Communities - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1244 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/06/10 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Discourse Community Essay Did you like this example? There are several different communities all around the world. These communities all have certain values and all focus together on one particular thing, such as religion or common interests. The community of craft and DIY enthusiast is indeed very interesting. These individuals share the commonness of hoarding various arts and craft supplies, dont have to stress over employment opportunities, and often spend any available free time searching Pinterest and Youtube for craft and art inspiration. One thing the members of the arts and crafts community have in common is the opportunities the talent provides. The Arts Council states that forty-one percent of creative workers are self-employed. Thegaurdian.com declares that members also self-promote by posting artwork on Facebook, Tumblr, Twitter, and LinkedIn. In addition, artists in this society are usually social and take on internships to find the perfect job. Members of this society also dont have to worry too much about finding a job, because according to the guardian.com, jobs open all the time for artists. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Several Different Communities" essay for you Create order The ways artist express emotions can help in the body in several ways. According to coor.us, The act of creating art stimulates brain activity and triggers those creative juices essential to help you think beyond boundaries and gain new perspectives. This expression can be through painting, drawing, and several other ways. The expression is a commonality in the arts and crafts community. Affiliates in this society do not dress a particular fashion, and outfits vary from casual to fancy. These outfits can be jeans and a t-shirt or a cute summer dress. In addition, homemade clothes may be thrown into the mix. No one is judged by their appearance. It is a group where the expression of character is encouraged. Even though not required, there are some suggestions when it comes to clothing for craft making though. Wikihow.com states that a member of this society may want to wear comfy clothes that can be ruined. Furthermore, it is encouraged to dress up for a fancy event such as a craft show or craft party, because his would give a good impression to the other vendors or potential buyers of the crafts. The citizens of this culture also engage in various crafting activities. These crafting events vary from season to season. In the spring, there are shows for spring art and Easter crafts. In the summer, there are picnics, and crafts are really fun for the children attending the picnic to make. Fall brings much fun, such as pumpkin patches, hayrides, and fairs. The crafting society definitely participates in this. It is fun to paint faces and make fall-themed crafts with the children of the society. Other activities in the crafting sector of society include, but are not limited to, creating edible arts, sewing fabric crafts, and creating crafts out of beads. The various crafting this society does provide enjoyment and relaxation for this community. The types of crafts each society member chooses to make can vary. According to thoughtco.com, some of the crafts made are textile crafts, which are crafts that have to do with fabric or yarn, and paper crafts, which are made out of a variety of papers. Thoughtco.com further adds that another type of craft made is decorative crafts. These crafts consist of furniture, stained glass, etcetera, and can be used in the home. Functional crafts have several uses, like pottery bowls that one could eat soup out of. The various ways to craft is very valuable to the members of this society. As everyone should, arts and craft society members have a specific set of values they choose to follow. These values are important to this society because values are what brings people together in some cases. The values of this society are, to create arts and crafts that have meaning to something in society, to create arts and crafts that will be cherished and used by somebody, and to always have an open mind to all sorts of possibilities. Values are what brings a community together, and these values certainly do this for this social group. There are several different terms and abbreviations that the arts and crafts society use in the crafting. Some of these terms could be well known, or hardly even heard of. According to Morgen Bardati, some examples of the terms and abbreviations used in this sector of society are art wear, which is wearable art, and OOAK, which stands for One of a Kind. ACEO means miniature artwork and an independent artist is often referred to as an Indie. These terms and abbreviations matter to this society because they are commonly used during crafting events. As all social groups should, the arts and crafts society has a few fixed expectations for their members. This society encourages the members to actively support activities that involve the arts. There are also certain steps that they are expected to take when selling their crafts. According to Shopify.com, there are several things to consider when participating in a crafting event. The members are preferred to be a customer first, which means going and seeing a craft show before entering one. Other steps that are vital are creating and sticking to a budget and taking baby steps in the selling process. Shopify.com further adds that there is a certain way to set up a booth at a craft show. Shopify.com also suggests several supplies to have readily available at the table to make the craft selling experience easier. These supplies include, markers, pens, and paper, and bags for the customers purchases. In addition, a variety of payment methods to be available to customers is advised. These payment methods include cash, check, debit, and credit cards. Additional expectations of the members of this society include making crafts from individual ideas and not always copying ideas from the internet or social media apps. Assisting others by giving your talent away is al so highly encouraged in this society. The expectations for the members help this society run the events they hold in an orderly fashion. The inspiration for the crafts in this society can spur from pretty much anywhere. It doesnt matter where the inspiration comes from as long as the members have ideas to craft from. Crafters will spend hours searching Pinterest, Facebook, and several other sites searching for the perfect craft to make. In addition, craft blogs and Youtube are amazing sources for craft inspiration as well. The type of inspiration needed for crafts can vary depending on what time of the year it is. Each season brings new crafts and new inspiration. Butterfly crafts are common during the spring and summer, leave and pumpkin crafts common during the chilly fall months, and snowflake and snowman crafts are for the cold, long winter season. If searched for hard enough, inspiration can come from pretty much anywhere in this society. The society of a DIY crafter is certainly an interesting one. From the crafts made to the bonds built, it sure is a good way to be productive and share many common things. This community matters because eventually, one may want to learn about making DIY crafts. The members of this society could assist this individual in doing so. Everyone is welcome in this society and it doesnt matter where inspiration comes from as long as the members have some. It is a highly diverse community that is a great thing to be a part of.

Assessing the Impact of Time Management on Employees...

TITLE PAGE ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF TIME MANAGEMENT ON EMPLOYEES PRODUCTIVITY IN AN ORGANIZATION. (A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL RADIO CORPORATION OF NIGERIA (FRCN) KADUNA. BY Aroso Olubunmi DECEMBER, 2011. ABSTRACT This project is an explanatory attempt to study and assessing the impact of time management on employee productivity in an organization with special reference to Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN) Kaduna. The study cover the impact and problem of time management in an organization, this research therefore attempts to review time management and its impacts on an employees productivity in (FRCN) Kaduna. Using the survey methods of research to gather and analyzed data. The need for time management†¦show more content†¦This makes workers to work and make better use of their time, there it has the secret of what is referred to as effective time management. To be effective we replace less importance task with more important ones if we tend to be objective about times. Every reward receive for a given labour, it is not for effort of the job rendered but for the time involved or time taken to do such job. Cordiner (1990) says that effective time management is everything every viable organization can employ to ensure effective, efficient management of time by employees to enhance productivity. This study is an attempt to identify and access these techniques and how time management enhances employees’ productivity in organization. 2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Time management has been acknowledged the world over as necessary for enhancing productivity. This buttresses the reason why more importance is attached to time in every organization. However, experiences have shown that employees and management do not manage their time properly thereby leading to low productivity in the organization. More so, some of the employees in organisations are not conscious of time as a bureaucratic administration perhaps its account for the reason why most organization find itShow MoreRelatedAssessing the Impact of Time Management on Employees Productivity in an Organization. (a Case Study of Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (Frcn) Kaduna.7617 Words   |  31 PagesTITLE PAGE ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF TIME MANAGEMENT ON EMPLOYEES PRODUCTIVITY IN AN ORGANIZATION. (A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL RADIO CORPORATION OF NIGERIA (FRCN) KADUNA. BY Aroso Olubunmi DECEMBER, 2011. ABSTRACT This project is an explanatory attempt to study and assessing the impact of time management on employee productivity in an organization with special reference to Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN) Kaduna. The study cover the impact and problem of time management in an organization

Global Warming The Green House Effect - 1030 Words

Global warming can also be known as the green house effect. It is a topic that has received a lot of attention in recent years yet our climate change is not a recent problem. Every year almost 7 billion tons of carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere by human activity. Global warming is in the earth s upper atmosphere directly caused by human burning of fossil, fuels, industrial, farming,coal,radiation and deforestation. Every year we see natural disasters that are extremely powerful. If we ignore the fact now the result could be catastrophic. As humans, we all have our own opinions but the problem of global warming should not be debated, it should be solved. The problem on Global warming has been unsolvable in the last 30 years,†¦show more content†¦Global warming is indeed a scan, perpetrated by scientists with vested interests, but in need of crash courses on Geology, logic and philosophy of science. Therefore claiming that global warming is bad don t really know even know if it really is as bad as they say it is. When considering Global warming, it is first important to know how recently statistics. Global warming has been caused by the people of the world. Many things have happened as a result. Since the beginning of 20th century, the average surface temperature has increased by 1.1 degree Fahrenheit. Just in the past 40 years. It has risen by a half of a degree. As of now the global sea level is rising three times faster than in the last hundred years when compared to the last three thousand years. This doesn t sound like much right away but any change in temperature causes melting to the polar ice caps. If they continue to melt, the sea level could start to rise dramatically. Furthermore, it is a fact that the average rice in temperature globally is 1.1 degree. The starting fact is that parts of Alaska, Canada, and Northern Russia. They have experienced a rise in temperature by 5 degree Fahrenheit. This means that they are in the Northern hemisphere where there is less water. Less water me ans less of the new found heat is being taken away be the vast ocean. These gasses are adding up everyday. In 1987 Carbon Dioxide reached 340 parts per million and in the 1999 360 ppm. It is

Integration of My Health Record Systemâ€Free samples for Students

Question: Discuss About The Integration Of My Health Record System? Answer: Introduction The selected organization Headspace provides health care objectives to the youth generation (aged 12 to 25). Depression and anxiety has been found in the young generation, which often lead to suicidal tendencies (Rickwood et al., 2014). Psychologist can help the patients to learn from their suicidal tendencies and make them get better. The current funding on the making of a software, which will be able to record the patients story for the first time and can be shared with all the doctors who will be treating the patient (Liu, Huang Liu, 2015). Such a software requires extensive use of cloud resources and secure form of data integration. The report further discusses about the different aspect of the project that is being developed by the organization with specific analysis of the problems, capabilities and the benefits of the project system. Approach on the development of the System The approach to be taken to create the My Health Record system is using a Cloud Server for storing the information on the patients (Coates Howe, 2014). The patient comes to the organization for the first time and registers himself or herself into their system. The in house psychologist takes a session with the patient and with his or hers consent record the story of the patient. The video is uploaded to the cloud server of the organization and a copy is provided to the patient. The video is available to the psychologist of the hospitals who have tied up a partnership with Headspace (Allison, Bastiampillai Goldney, 2016). The use of cloud server is being said because the technology has gained recent appreciation from many IT industries. The integration of a cloud server is a onetime process but the maintenance of such servers require technical expertise. Problems that might be faced The problems with the My Health Record system that can occur is about the security of the videos and documents that are kept on the server of the organization (Amos, 2017). The cloud security measure is the main point of concern for any organization using a cloud server. The data about the patient is highly confidential details, which are only shared with the organization upon stating that the organization will be keeping the details confidential, and under no circumstances will the details be disclosed to anyone without proper credentials (Sultan, 2014). Capabilities of the system being developed Upon using such project integration with the organization there will be a downfall of the suicidal tendencies that are mostly seen in the young generation (Fahmi Nasution, 2017). The major aspect of the procedure is keeping up with the latest trend of using information system in the organization. The use of cloud will help the organization to save up the space required for storing of the paperwork and the documents related to the patient. Keeping the documents in paper format can create a hassle for the organization to search the records of the patient when the patient is to be transferred to another doctor. Keeping the details on the cloud, sharing the details among the doctors will be an easier procedure. The doctor will be able to study the findings and the problems of the patient from the viewpoint of a fellow doctor. This will speed up the procedure and can help the patient to recover on a fast pace (Li et al., 2013). Benefits of the system The benefits of using a cloud based system server for this type of project is the reduction is the time taken to diagnose the patient by the different doctors who are allocated to the respective patient (Kaur Chana, 2014). The doctors who will be diagnosing the patient also share the details, which were recorded during the patients first visit to the organization, on the cloud for successful viewing. Upon referring the patient to another doctor, the doctor can view the story clipping beforehand and will be able to readily start diagnosing the patient as soon as he or she comes for the session. The security on the cloud can be used to keep the information safe from hacking and keeping up with the non-disclosure management between the patient and the doctor (Barua, Lu Shen, 2013). Conclusion To conclude this report, it can be seen that the organization related to the project, Headspace could continue developing the project. By following the guidelines, which has been discussed in the report the organization will be able to successfully, gather the required objective it has set for the project development. Integration of such a software will be a better step forward for the young patients who are being treated with suicidal tendencies. Sharing the finding and the story of the patient will speed up the process of diagnosis and eventually can treat the patient to a full recovery. The use of a modern technology like the cloud based system and data encryption will be helpful to provide confidentiality of the patients data record. References Allison, S., Bastiampillai, T., Goldney, R. (2016). Australias national youth mental health initiative: Is headspace underachieving?. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 50(2), 111-112. Amos, A. (2017). Youth mental health and mental wealth: reaping the rewards. Australasian Psychiatry, 25(2), 103-103. Barua, M., Lu, R., Shen, X. (2013, December). SPS: Secure personal health information sharing with patient-centric access control in cloud computing. In Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2013 IEEE (pp. 647-652). IEEE. Coates, D., Howe, D. (2014). The importance and benefits of youth participation in mental health settings from the perspective of the headspace Gosford Youth Alliance in Australia. Children and Youth Services Review, 46, 294-299. Fahmi, F., Nasution, T. H. (2017). Smart cloud system with image processing server in diagnosing brain Business dedicated for hospitals with limited resources. Technology and Health Care, 25(3), 607-610. Kaur, P. D., Chana, I. (2014). Cloud based intelligent system for delivering health care as a service. Computer methods and programs in biomedicine, 113(1), 346-359. Li, M., Yu, S., Zheng, Y., Ren, K., Lou, W. (2013). Scalable and secure sharing of personal healthcare records in cloud computing using attribute-based encryption. IEEE transactions on parallel and distributed systems, 24(1), 131-143. Liu, J., Huang, X., Liu, J. K. (2015). Secure sharing of personal health records in cloud computing: ciphertext-policy attribute-based signcryption. Future Generation Computer Systems, 52, 67-76. Rickwood, D. J., Telford, N. R., Parker, A. G., Tanti, C. J., McGorry, P. D. (2014). Reply headspace-Australia's innovation in youth mental health: who are the clients and why are they presenting?. The Medical journal of Australia, 200(8), 454. Sultan, N. (2014). Making use of cloud computing for healthcare provision: Opportunities and challenges. International Journal of Information Manage

Spoken Language Essay free essay sample

In this essay I shall explore the ways in which my speech changes according to the context I am in. Most people change the way they speak without knowing it and only realise it when they consciously try to listen for differences in their idiolect, such as their pitch, intonation, pronunciation, speed, lexis and length of their utterances. One aspect of speech which changes is my pitch. I use sarcasm occasionally when speaking to friends which involves placing unusual stresses, a higher pitch and speech is often slower, louder and more forced to emphasise the statement. For example, â€Å" well done Adam† becomes â€Å"well done Adam† when spoken sarcastically. Confidence also affects my pitch and when unsure I tend to speak with a rising pitch, almost as if it were a question. Such as once when talking to a strict imposing teacher I was unsure whether I was allowed to leave , I said â€Å" I’ll leave for prep break now † with a rising tone. We will write a custom essay sample on Spoken Language Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Conversely, when one is more confident one speaks with a dropping tone, resolutely with a louder volume and with accents on the most significant words, I would speak this way with friends where conversations tend to be more chaotic with many people trying to dominate the conversation .For example I would say ‘I don’t think so’ with a dropping pitch stress on the â€Å"don’t†. The purpose of communication affects my tone ; in informal situations, much of communication is phatic (which is for social purposes only, not for acquiring information) , for example I often greet a friend by saying ‘how are you?’, although I know that my friend is fine . If I genuinely wanted to know how they were, I would ask the question with a very different and concerned tone saying â€Å"how are you† placing stress on the ‘are’, compared to the phatic gesture â€Å"how are you†. In the context of being amongst a large group, one’s pitch can change drastically. At a football match groups of spectators cheer together with a low pitch and forceful tone in a catchy rhythm to make their chanting more orderly. Informal conversations often involve imitating other people, such as teachers, friends or an accent from a different dialect, as shown in this utterance : A : I think I’ll get a discount at the chippie at Oban , I’ll just go in and be like ( in a very strong Scottish accent ) â€Å" I’d like a fish and chips , please and a wee bit of –â€Å" This can be done to make your message more effective by involving the listener in your story. Pronunciation can also vary according to the context, in an informal situation, such as in school when conversing with friends I use more elisions and glottal stops (consonants formed by the audible release of the airstream after complete closure of the glottis). Also, ‘l’s are not pronounced when speaking quickly (e.g. when speaking to friends I would pronounce the ‘alright’ as (transcribed using the International Phonetic Alphabet) , which facilitates speaking faster) . However, in formal situations such as with teachers I put in more effort to avoid glottal stops and use a pronunciation which is closer to ‘received pronunciation’ is used to make my speech sound clearer and easier to understand . My pronunciation differs when I speak to someone from a different background. For example when I speak to someone who has a ‘Northern’ accent, I would also use this accent for words like ‘castle’ and ‘grass’ (pro nouncing //gras// instead of the ‘southern’ //gra:s//), to avoid sounding grandiose (because the ‘southern’ pronunciation of these words is sometimes stereotyped as a rather formal register of English) and to make sure that the person talking to me has a greater ease of understanding me . My pronunciation can depend on country or community I’m in ; In school I use an English accent, so that people at school understand me more easily, but when I am at home and when speaking to relatives in India, I always use an Indian accent . One example of a difference between the two accents is that with an Indian English accent the word ‘our’ is pronounced   as opposed to the native English pronunciation. I use different accents in the two  contexts so that the listeners understand me and because it feels more natural since almost everyone in that community speaks with that sort of accent. Another aspect of our idiolect which changes according to the context is the speed and manner of discourse. With friends I tend to speak more quickly and discourse is less flowing and tends to be fragmented by redundancies and fillers: words such as ‘like’, ‘err’ or ‘ur’. Contractions are very common during conversation with my friends, and the utterances are brief, as there is not much time to talk. Interruptions, interventions and overlaps are very common with friends, because everybody wants to have their say and dominate the conversation, but often it is just a sign of support and reassurance. Overlaps occur because the listeners anticipate the end of the utterance, and interrupt by finishing off the utterance at the same time . For example : A : Do you remember in 3rd year when we had that massive fight with loads of tissue BC: (interrupting ) paper , Oh yeah A : paper In slightly more formal situations such as meetings in the boarding house my utterances are less fragmentary because I apprehend what I may have to talk about and plan what I shall say, for an example when asked why I was late in leaving the boarding house. This degree of preparation makes my discourse much more flowing than what it would be in more informal conversations. Our lexis (choice of words) changes according to the context we are in. There are many linguistic features which occur during conversation with friends that do not occur in other types of conversation, such as slang language. Slang phrases such as â€Å"that was sick!†, which I use with friends, would never occur during conversations with teachers, as it would seem inappropriate and disrespectful towards the teacher. Nicknames are frequently used , such as â€Å"mate†in informal circumstances, however in formal situations (e.g. with teachers) , â€Å"sir† and â€Å"miss† are used as it is a  respectful and quick way of addressing them. Your lexis depends also on how educated the audience are on the subject, for example I would talk about ‘weather’ with friends and parents but mention ‘meteorology’ in a Geography lesson. Informal conversations tend to follow different grammatical rules to written language, an example being that u tterances often begin with ‘and’, which would not occur in written English. Also the extremely common mistake of saying, for example, ‘me and Owen’ ( which I often use in informal situations) rather than the more grammatically correct ‘Owen and I’ ( used in formal situations, such as with teachers as they expect you to be grammatically correct). This illustrates how the grammar of your speech can change depending on the formality of the situation. In conclusion, we have explored the ways that my idiolect changes according to the context I am in, such as with friends, teachers or parents and that many of us change the way we speak massively in different circumstances without usually realising it.